M1R5 / introduction-to-computer
Overview
Get an introduction to the physical parts of a computer system, including the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output units.
Computer Hardware Components
Hardware refers to the physical, tangible components of a computer system that you can see and touch. It's the electronic and mechanical parts that make up the computer.
Key Hardware Components:
- Central Processing Unit (CPU): The 'brain' of the computer that executes instructions, performs calculations, and manages the flow of data. It includes the ALU and CU.
- Motherboard: The main circuit board that connects all the hardware components of the computer. It provides communication pathways for the CPU, memory, and other peripherals.
- Memory (RAM & ROM):
- RAM (Random Access Memory): Volatile primary memory used for temporary storage of data and programs currently being used by the CPU.
- ROM (Read-Only Memory): Non-volatile primary memory that stores essential startup instructions (firmware) that the computer needs to boot up.
- Storage Devices: Used for long-term storage of data and programs.
- Hard Disk Drive (HDD): Traditional magnetic storage device.
- Solid State Drive (SSD): Faster, more durable flash-based storage device.
- Optical Drives: For CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray discs.
- USB Flash Drives: Portable storage.
- Input Devices: Hardware used to send data and instructions to the computer (e.g., keyboard, mouse, scanner).
- Output Devices: Hardware used to display or present processed information from the computer (e.g., monitor, printer, speakers).
- Power Supply Unit (PSU): Converts AC power from the wall outlet into DC power required by the computer components.
Exam Tip: Understand the basic function of each component and be able to identify whether a component is input, output, processing, or storage hardware.